sword of saladin wiki

Saladin saw that in order to acquire Syria, he either needed an invitation from as-Salih, or to warn him that potential anarchy could give rise to danger from the Crusaders. Others again say that the king of England, on deciding to attempt the conquest of Ascalon, thought it unwise to leave so many prisoners in the town after his departure. Saladin played a major role, commanding the right wing of the Zengid army, while a force of Kurds commanded the left, and Shirkuh was stationed in the center. Saladin rapidly rose to prominence, even though Egypt was under the Shiite Muslim caliphate known as the Fatimids, while Saladin was a Sunni. In Civilization IV a leader trait is a special ability or rule modification that applies to any civilization led by a leader with that trait. Saladin, at age 26, went along with them. Saladin promptly impressed the inhabitants of the town by publishing a decree that ordered a number of taxes to be canceled and erased all mention of them from treasury records, stating "the most miserable rulers are those whose purses are fat and their people thin". al-Mu‘aẓẓam, al-Ghālib, and al-Manṣūr, Saladin is a playable leader in several instalments of the, This page was last edited on 6 February 2021, at 19:33. 573 AH (1178) in Egypt), al-Ashraf Izz al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad (b. [80] In the midst of these victories, Saladin received word that the Crusaders were raiding the villages of Damascus. On one occasion Isa al-Hakkari, a Kurdish lieutenant of Saladin, urged a candidate for the viziership, Emir Qutb al-Din al-Hadhbani, to step aside by arguing that "both you and Saladin are Kurds and you will not let the power pass into the hands of the Turks". [109][110], Hattin and the fall of Jerusalem prompted the Third Crusade (1189–1192), which was partially financed by a special "Saladin tithe" in 1188. [4] His family was most likely of Kurdish ancestry,[5][6][7][8] and had originated from the village of Ajdanakan[6] near the city of Dvin in central Armenia. Saladin and his close associates were wary of Turkish influence. [citation needed], Following the failure of his Kerak sieges, Saladin temporarily turned his attention back to another long-term project and resumed attacks on the territory of Ê»Izz ad-DÄ«n (Masʻūd ibn MawdÅ«d ibn Zangi), around Mosul, which he had begun with some success in 1182. Despite early success, they pursued the Muslims far enough to become scattered, and Saladin took advantage by rallying his troops and charged at the Crusaders. He then took his sword and decapitated Reynald's head right in font of King Guy. After Shawar was assassinated and Shirkuh died in 1169, al-Adid appointed Saladin vizier, a rare nomination of a Sunni Muslim to such an important position in the Isma'ili Shia caliphate. Despite the Crusaders' slaughter when they originally conquered Jerusalem in 1099, Saladin granted amnesty and free passage to all common Cath… Jerusalem capitulated to his forces on Friday, 2 October 1187, after a siege. The Crusaders withdrew beforehand and Saladin proclaimed it "a victory opening the gates of men's hearts". [82] The people of Aleppo had not known about these negotiations and were taken by surprise when Saladin's standard was hoisted over the citadel. [24] Following his death, a number of candidates were considered for the role of vizier to al-Adid, most of whom were ethnic Kurds. Saladin later moved toward Homs instead, but retreated after being told a relief force was being sent to the city by Saif al-Din. Leader traits are often called just traits. None ", al-‘AzÄ«z Imad al-Din Abu al-Fath Uthman, al-Ẓāhir Ghiyath al-Din Abu Mansur Ghazi, Learn how and when to remove this template message, coat of arms of the Kurdistan Regional Government, Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum, "Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen")", "Who2 Biography: Saladin, Sultan / Military Leader", De Expugatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum (The Capture of the Holy Land by Saladin), The era of the Second and Third Crusades" The Crusader states to 1187, http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/lionheart.htm, https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/history/characters/saladin.php, Stanley Lane-Poole, "The Life of Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem", in "btm" format, Rosebault Ch.J. She sent this photo to William McIntyre after a Tokyo trip. Saladin (サラディン, Saradin) is a demon appearing in the series. [60], Another version claims that Saladin hastily withdrew his troops from Masyaf because they were urgently needed to fend off a Crusader force in the vicinity of Mount Lebanon. He led Muslim and Arab opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant. He began granting his family members high-ranking positions in the region; he ordered the construction of a college for the Maliki branch of Sunni Islam in the city, as well as one for the Shafi'i denomination to which he belonged in al-Fustat. Although positions were complicated by rival Muslim leaders, the bulk of the Syrian commanders supported Saladin because of his role in the Egyptian expedition, in which he gained a record of military qualifications. On 13 April 1175, the Zengid troops marched to attack his forces, but soon found themselves surrounded by Saladin's Ayyubid veterans, who crushed them. The Battle of Hama did not end the contest for power between the Ayyubids and the Zengids, with the final confrontation occurring in the spring of 1176. However, the original sarcophagus was not replaced; instead, the mausoleum, which is open to visitors, now has two sarcophagi: the marble one placed on the side and the original wooden one, which covers Saladin's tomb. This encouraged Izz al-Din and his allies to take the offensive. Later, in August, the Ayyubids launched a naval and ground assault to capture Beirut; Saladin led his army in the Bekaa Valley. The Zengid forces panicked and most of Saif al-Din's officers ended up being killed or captured—Saif al-Din narrowly escaped. There have been only innumerable expenses, the sending out of troops ... and expectations which did not produce what was hoped for in the end. [14] About education, Saladin wrote "children are brought up in the way in which their elders were brought up". Saladin, meanwhile, climbed the ranks of the Fatimid government by virtue of his military successes against Crusader assaults against its territory and his personal closeness to al-Adid. [112] Bahā' ad-DÄ«n wrote:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The motives of this massacre are differently told; according to some, the captives were slain by way of reprisal for the death of those Christians whom the Musulmans had slain. Several Egyptian emirs were thus killed, but al-Adid was told that they were killed for rebelling against him. [16] He spoke Kurdish and Arabic. He is the leader of Arabia in both the games. The city walls were repaired and their extensions laid out, while the construction of the Cairo Citadelwas commenced. This army proceeded to raid the countryside, sack Ramla and Lod, and dispersed themselves as far as the Gates of Jerusalem. Al-Zahir Dawud, whom Imad listed eighth, is recorded as being his twelfth son in a letter written by Saladin's minister. As soon as he dispatched the bulk of his troops to Egypt, Saladin led his army into the an-Nusayriyah range in August 1176. Saladin gave Guy a goblet of water. Saladin is an Egyptian Mau who previously belonged to Grace Cahill before her death. He is a fearsome fire-eating sword swallower who is Zerbino's right-hand man. The Christians sent a large portion of their army to besiege the fortress of Harim north of Aleppo, so southern Palestine bore few defenders. [17] In addition to Islam, Saladin had a knowledge of the genealogies, biographies, and histories of the Arabs, as well as the bloodlines of Arabian horses. Grace Cahill trained him to sneak into buildings too dangerous for her to enter, like the Lucian stronghold in Moscow. After the battle of Arsuf, Richard occupied Jaffa, restoring the city's fortifications. Powers/Skills According to Imad ad-Din, after Tell Khalid, Saladin took a detour northwards to Aintab, but he gained possession of it when his army turned towards it, allowing to quickly move backward another c. 100 km towards Aleppo. When the siege had started, Saladin was unwilling[101] to promise terms of quarter to the Frankish inhabitants of Jerusalem. Saladin takes another desperate swing, and the blade runs off of Ezio’s sword. Saladin (1137/1138–1193) was a Muslim military and political leader who as sultan (or leader) led Islamic forces during the Crusades. They broke the Crusader blockade, destroyed most of their ships, and pursued and captured those who anchored and fled into the desert. History. Mungon ose është … A power struggle ensued between Shirkuh and Shawar after the latter was reinstated. [84], After spending one night in Aleppo's citadel, Saladin marched to Harim, near the Crusader-held Antioch. In this battle alone the Crusader force was largely annihilated by Saladin's determined army. The Abbasid caliph in Baghdad graciously welcomed Saladin's assumption of power and declared him "Sultan of Egypt and Syria". Presently, Saladin awoke to find a figure leaving the tent. [61] Viewing the expulsion of the Crusaders as a mutual benefit and priority, Saladin and Sinan maintained cooperative relations afterwards, the latter dispatching contingents of his forces to bolster Saladin's army in a number of decisive subsequent battlefronts. Saladin replaced the Hanafi courts with Shafi'i administration, despite a promise he would not interfere in the religious leadership of the city. The Bedouin were also accused of trading with the Crusaders and, consequently, their grain was confiscated and they were forced to migrate westward. [31], After establishing himself in Egypt, Saladin launched a campaign against the Crusaders, besieging Darum in 1170. Richard once praised Saladin as a great prince, saying that he was without doubt the greatest and most powerful leader in the Islamic world. After a few sips, Guy gave tthe cup to Reynald. The town was governed by Baron Altreius Roshone, a petty and cruel man. With the rise of Arab nationalism in the 20th Century, particularly with regard to the Arab–Israeli conflict, Saladin's heroism and leadership gained a new significance. He is also trained to wear a camera on his back for surveillance. King Oritel is the king of the realm of Domino. He threatened to attack the city of Malatya, saying, "it is two days march for me and I shall not dismount [my horse] until I am in the city." Saladin wrote in a letter to al-Adil: "this Yemen is a treasure house ... We conquered it, but up to this day we have had no return and no advantage from it. Saladin made further conquests in northern Syria and the Jazira, escaping two attempts on his life by Assassins, before returning to Egypt in 1177 to address issues there. Prior to arriving at Montreal, Saladin however withdrew back to Cairo as he received the reports that in his absence the Crusader leaders had increased their support to the traitors inside Egypt to attack Saladin from within and lessen his power especially the Fatimid who started plotting to restore their past glory. During this period, Richard and Saladin passed envoys back and forth, negotiating the possibility of a truce. Prince of Chivalri, De expugnatione terrae sanctae per Saladinum, Saladin: The Sultan and His Times, 1138–1193, Richard and Saladin: Warriors of the Third Crusade, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saladin&oldid=1005252769, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2010, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles containing Kurdish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles needing additional references from March 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVÄ°A identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Al-Nasir á¹¢alāḥ al-DÄ«n YÅ«suf ibn AyyÅ«b, al-Ẓāfir Muzaffar al-Din Abu al-Abbas Khidr (b. [121] Seven centuries later, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany donated a new marble sarcophagus to the mausoleum. Saladin was later enraged when he received a message from Arslan accusing Nur al-Din of more abuses against his daughter. With this victory, Saladin decided to call in more troops from Egypt; he requested al-Adil to dispatch 1,500 horsemen. Saladin was also trained to snorkel, said in The Black Book of Buried Secre… [114] Richard proposed that his sister Joan should marry Saladin's brother and that Jerusalem could be their wedding gift. (In Muslim culture, you had to ask permission to do anything. [48] On 11 May 1175, a group of thirteen Assassins easily gained admission into Saladin's camp, but were detected immediately before they carried out their attack by Nasih al-Din Khumartekin of Abu Qubays. He could also take it upon himself to annex Syria before it could possibly fall into the hands of a rival, but he feared that attacking a land that formerly belonged to his master—forbidden in the Islamic principles in which he believed—could portray him as hypocritical, thus making him unsuitable for leading the war against the Crusaders. The Zengid prisoners of war, however, were given gifts and freed. Alias Consequently, the Nubians departed; but returned in 1173 and were again driven off. The 280 feet (85 m) dee… The defenders of Mosul, when they became aware that help was on the way, increased their efforts, and Saladin subsequently fell ill, so in March 1186 a peace treaty was signed. [117], The Battle of Jaffa (1192) proved to be the last military engagement of the Third Crusade. The note threatened that he would be killed if he did not withdraw from his assault. Saladin help Zerbino train Kumal. According to his own account, was joined by "emirs, soldiers, and Bedouins—the emotions of their hearts to be seen on their faces. By 23 August, Saladin had decisively quelled the uprising, and never again had to face a military challenge from Cairo. Later in the year, a group of Egyptian soldiers and emirs attempted to assassinate Saladin, but having already known of their intentions thanks to his intelligence chief Ali ibn Safyan, he had the chief conspirator, Naji, Mu'tamin al-Khilafa—the civilian controller of the Fatimid Palace—arrested and killed. At the height of his power, his sultanate spanned Egypt, Syria, the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the Hejaz (western Arabia), Yemen, parts of western North Africa, and Nubia. In return for a diploma granting him the city, Nur al-Din swore allegiance to Saladin, promising to follow him in every expedition in the war against the Crusaders, and repairing damage done to the city. Seighart has the same emerald-green hair color as Sylphiette before the teleport incident, and also has a face similar to Rudeus. [12][13] In 1132, the defeated army of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the ruler of Mosul, found their retreat blocked by the Tigris River opposite the fortress of Tikrit, where Saladin's father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub served as the warden. [51] Soon after, Saladin entered Homs and captured its citadel in March 1175, after stubborn resistance from its defenders. A third of the Saladin' s crew were kept as advisers, including Captain Yu. On the evening before he departed, he sat with his companions and the tutor of one of his sons quoted a line of poetry: "enjoy the scent of the ox-eye plant of Najd, for after this evening it will come no more". Saladin defended his own conduct claiming that he had come to Syria to fight the Crusaders, end the heresy of the Assassins, and stop the wrong-doing of the Muslims. Pen & Sword. A siege was set, but the governor of Tell Khalid surrendered upon the arrival of Saladin himself on 17 May before a siege could take place. The city was held by Surhak, a "minor mamluk". Tormenting his tigers. [41] Saladin rode across the desert with 700 picked horsemen, passing through al-Kerak then reaching Bosra. It was a major disaster for the Crusaders and a turning point in the history of the Crusades. [64], The Ayyubids allowed Baldwin IV of Jerusalem to enter Ascalon with his Gaza-based Knights Templar without taking any precautions against a sudden attack. [66], Saladin's intelligence services reported to him that the Crusaders were planning a raid into Syria. Errtu, the Betrayer of Hope, is a powerful balor, the pact patron of several warlocks, and one of the primary figures in the Iron Sword, one of the two factions of fiends vying for control of Mordingard. The battlefield, near the town of Hittin, had as its chief geographic feature a double hill (the "Horns of Hattin") beside a pass through the northern mountains between Tiberias and the road from Acre to the west. Saladin appears in a sympathetic light in Sir Walter Scott's The Talisman (1825). Baldwin advanced too rashly in pursuit of Farrukh-Shah's force, which was concentrated southeast of Quneitra and was subsequently defeated by the Ayyubids. Barisan married Helvis of Ramla, heiress of the wealthy lordship of Ramla. [57], A'zaz capitulated on 21 June, and Saladin then hurried his forces to Aleppo to punish Gumushtigin. Animal crueltyExploitationPoaching Jika kamu sedang mencari Saladin Sword, maka anda berada di halaman yang tepat. [55] When Saladin crossed the Orontes, leaving Hama, the sun was eclipsed. was to be paid for each Frank in the city, whether man, woman, or child, but Saladin, against the wishes of his treasurers, allowed many families who could not afford the ransom to leave. Before he could move, however, there were a number of administrative details to be settled. He replied "Let them... whilst they knock down villages, we are taking cities; when we come back, we shall have all the more strength to fight them. [85], Crusader attacks provoked further responses by Saladin. The day after, 50,000 Black African soldiers from the regiments of the Fatimid army opposed to Saladin's rule, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners, staged a revolt. He eventually recaptured Palestine from the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. It was finally agreed that Arslan's daughter would be sent away for a year and if Nur al-Din failed to comply, Saladin would move to abandon his support for him. [105] Upon the capture of Jerusalem, Saladin summoned the Jews and permitted them to resettle in the city. An exchange was negotiated where Zangi would hand over Aleppo to Saladin in return for the restoration of his control of Sinjar, Nusaybin, and Raqqa. At last Richard agreed to demolish the fortifications of Ascalon, while Saladin agreed to recognize Crusader control of the Palestinian coast from Tyre to Jaffa. In response, the Third Crusade was launched. In between missions and confounding the plans of the other branches, Grace liked to take photos of Saladin to send to friends. Based in the an-Nusayriyah Mountains, they commanded nine fortresses, all built on high elevations. The Darb al-Hawarnah road, built by the Romans, served as the main east-west passage between the Jordan fords, the Sea of Galilee and the Mediterranean coast. In 1188, at Tortosa, Saladin released Guy of Lusignan and returned him to his wife, Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem. The battle ended in a decisive victory for Saladin, who pursued the Zengid fugitives to the gates of Aleppo, forcing as-Salih's advisers to recognize Saladin's control of the provinces of Damascus, Homs and Hama, as well as a number of towns outside Aleppo such as Ma'arat al-Numan. This time, Egyptian forces advanced from Aswan and captured the Nubian town of Ibrim. Because droughts and bad harvests hampered his commissariat, Saladin agreed to a truce. [98] Guy of Lusignan was also captured. [38] In 1174, Saladin sent Turan-Shah to conquer Yemen to allocate it and its port Aden to the territories of the Ayyubid Dynasty. Last Edited: 30 Mar 2012 3:36 am. The city was besieged, and Saladin very nearly captured it; however, Richard arrived a few days later and defeated Saladin's army in a battle outside the city. On 25 November, while the greater part of the Ayyubid army was absent, Saladin and his men were surprised near Ramla in the battle of Montgisard. Saladin consulted his council and the terms were accepted. [77], Once he reached Bira, near the river, he was joined by Kukbary and Nur al-Din of Hisn Kayfa and the combined forces captured the cities of Jazira, one after the other. [118], Saladin died of a fever on 4 March 1193, at Damascus, not long after King Richard's departure. The Zengid army's camp, horses, baggage, tents and stores were seized by the Ayyubids. A suburban community of Erbil, Masif Salahaddin, is also named after him. The Life of Saladin: From the Works of Imad ad-Din and Baha ad-Din. [46] As-Salih, fearing capture by Saladin, came out of his palace and appealed to the inhabitants not to surrender him and the city to the invading force. He also promised that if Mosul was given to him, it would lead to the capture of Jerusalem, Constantinople, Georgia, and the lands of the Almohads in the Maghreb, "until the word of God is supreme and the Abbasid caliphate has wiped the world clean, turning the churches into mosques". For Personality traits in Civilization: Beyond Earth, see Personality traits (Rising Tide). Saladin led the Muslim military campaign against the Crusader states in the Levant. Saladin (1137/38 - 1193) was a Muslim Kurd, who became the ruler over several Muslim territories and who during wars with Christian Crusaders captured Jerusalem.. Al-Adid's advisers were also suspected of promoting Saladin in an attempt to split the Syria-based Zengids. Mujahid al-Din Bihruz, a former Greek slave who had been appointed as the military governor of northern Mesopotamia for his service to the Seljuks, reprimanded Ayyub for giving Zengi refuge and in 1137 banished Ayyub from Tikrit after his brother Asad al-Din Shirkuh killed a friend of Bihruz. Muslim sources at the time, however, put Saladin in the "baggage of the centre" with orders to lure the enemy into a trap by staging a feigned retreat. [51][52], Meanwhile, Saladin's rivals in Syria and Jazira waged a propaganda war against him, claiming he had "forgotten his own condition [servant of Nur ad-Din]" and showed no gratitude for his old master by besieging his son, rising "in rebellion against his Lord". Saladin captured Raynald and was personally responsible for his execution in retaliation for his attacks against Muslim caravans. Crimes Modern Arab states have sought to commemorate Saladin through various measures, often based on the image created of him in the 19th-century west. Minorsky (1957): sfn error: no target: CITEREFNorthen1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScharfsteinGelabert1997 (. [103][104] Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem organised and contributed to a collection that paid the ransoms for about 18,000 of the poorer citizens, leaving another 15,000 to be enslaved. Afterward, in the spring of 1170, Nur ad-Din sent Saladin's father to Egypt in compliance with Saladin's request, as well as encouragement from the Baghdad-based Abbasid caliph, al-Mustanjid, who aimed to pressure Saladin in deposing his rival caliph, al-Adid. Sword of Islam (SoI) is the first expansion for Crusader Kings II. [35], On 25 September, Saladin left Cairo to take part in a joint attack on Kerak and Montréal, the desert castles of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, with Nur ad-Din who would attack from Syria. [63] Saladin found the situation ripe and marched to Ascalon, which he referred to as the "Bride of Syria". In spite of his earlier hesitation to go through with the exchange, he had no doubts about his success, stating that Aleppo was "the key to the lands" and "this city is the eye of Syria and the citadel is its pupil". After the treaty, Saladin and Richard sent each other many gifts as tokens of respect but never met face to face. Saladin sent a gift to Nur ad-Din, who had been his friend and teacher, 60,000 dinars, "wonderful manufactured goods", some jewels, and an elephant. Saladin: Hero of Islam. He reported to the caliph and his own subordinates in Yemen and Baalbek that was going to attack the Armenians. It finally suceeded and after it walks back to it's cage, Saladin says "Thats how you break a Tiger". Raynald de Châtillon had sent ships to the Gulf of Aqaba to raid towns and villages off the coast of the Red Sea. All of the booty from the Ayyubid victory was accorded to the army, Saladin not keeping anything himself. The modern view of Saladin originates mainly from these texts. The people were watching her and weeping and I (Ibn Shaddad) was standing amongst them. Generally regarded as the strongest of the balors, Errtu has a particular feud with Melioch, as each claim to be the leader of their faction. [17] Another factor which may have affected his interest in religion was that, during the First Crusade, Jerusalem was taken by the Christians. Saladin takes out a dagger and slits Raynald's throat. The Ayyubids held a council upon the revelation of these preparations to discuss the possible threat and Saladin collected his own troops outside Cairo. [131][132][133][134], In 1898, German Emperor Wilhelm II visited Saladin's tomb to pay his respects. Meanwhile, Saladin moved south, where he dismantled the fortifications of Ascalon to prevent this strategically important city, which lay at the junction between Egypt and Palestine, from falling into Crusader hands. [39], In the wake of Nur ad-Din's death, Saladin faced a difficult decision; he could move his army against the Crusaders from Egypt or wait until invited by as-Salih in Syria to come to his aid and launch a war from there. Clarendon Press. Saladin was the Sultan of Egypt & Syria who led the Muslim army against the Crusaders. The Franks urged her to approach Saladin herself with her grievance. They went first to Tripoli, then to Antioch. [97], In July 1187, Saladin captured most of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This was intended to cement an alliance with the Artuqids and to impress other emirs in Mesopotamia and Anatolia. Lord Saladin Forge is a Titan Guardian and one of two known survivors of the original Iron Lords. Saladin takes a swing at Ezio’s other side, but he is able to pull out his hidden blade and block the attack. [77] Prior to his march to Jazira, tensions had grown between the Zengid rulers of the region, primarily concerning their unwillingness to pay deference to Mosul. صلاح الدين الأيوبي ‎; 1138 — 4. Although the Ayyubid dynasty that he founded would only outlive him by 57 years, the legacy of Saladin within the Arab World continues to this day. Alarmed at the threat, the Seljuks pushed for negotiations. Nur had long wetted his sword in the blood of the infidels, especially that of the Franks. [54], After his victory against the Zengids, Saladin proclaimed himself king and suppressed the name of as-Salih in Friday prayers and Islamic coinage. The emir of the city had requested Saladin's assistance and was given reinforcements under Turan-Shah, Saladin's brother.

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